Пассивный залог в английском языке (Passive Voice). Пассивный залог

Упр. 65. Прочитайте и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. No mistakes have been made.

2. The gate has been left open.

3. He will have been sent to school by that time.

4. The dinner had been eaten before they finished the conversation.

5. You will have been given an answer by next week.

6. The building had been destroyed by the fire before the fire brigade arrived.

7. I couldn’t open the box as it had been locked by somebody.

8. The book will have been published by the end of the year.

9. I’ve just been offered the ticket for the film.

10. Pushkin’s works have been translated into many languages.

Упр. 66. Переделайте предложения из активного в пассивный залог.

Example: They have discussed the question. - The question has been discussed.

1. The child has broken the crystal vase.

2. The gardener has planted some trees.

3. She hasn’t cleaned the rooms for weeks.

4. Have the boys broken the window?

5. They haven’t invited Nick to the party.

6. The company has sacked 100 people.

7. The police have accused several people of the theft.

2. They have taken her to hospital.

3. Somebody has split tea all over the tablecloth.

4. Has someone mended the chair yet?

5. Nobody has ever spoken to me like that.

6. I haven’t washed the floor yet.

7. I have cut my finger.

8. The orchestra has played that piece beautifully.

10. They will have translated the article by next week.

11. They will have packed the things by the evening.

Упр. 67. Когда ученики вернулись в школу после летних каникул, они заметили,

что многое изменилось. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в Past Perfect Passive .

New desks ___ had been bought ______________________ (buy).

1 A lot of trees ____________________________________(plant).

2 New lights ______________________________________(put in).

3 The classrooms ___________________________________(paint).

4 A tennis court ____________________________________(build).

5 The fence ________________________________________(take down).

6 Five new classrooms ________________________________(add).

7 New equipment __________________________(buy) for the chemistry lab.

8 Showers __________________________(install) in the changing rooms.

9 New blackboards __________________________(put up) in the classrooms.

10 The whole school ________________________________(modernize).

Упр . 68. Как вы думаете, что произойдет или еще не произойдет к 2020 году? Употребите глаголы в Future Perfect Passive.

Begin: I think… or I don’t think. . . . Use find, introduce, invent and solve.

Example: I don’t think the drug problem will have been solved.

Упр. 69. Переделайте предложения из активного в пассивный залог. Обращайте

внимание на видо - временные формы глаголов .

1. The customs officer is counting the cases.

2. When he entered the kitchen his sister was cooking supper.

3. After the accident they took him to hospital.

4. They will have completed this work by the end of the month.

5. The secretary has just brought some new magazines.

6. My son has cut his finger to the bone.

7. They wrote that letter in ink.

8. They are discussing a very important question now.

9. The porter will bring your luggage to your room.

10. They offered her an interesting job.

11. The organizers will exhibit the paintings till the end of August.

12. The author has written a special edition for women.

13. I have bought a piano. They are delivering it tomorrow.

14. A thief stole my cat. I offered him $10 reward.

15. When we returned they had already locked the door.

16. I want to call the police because somebody has stolen my watch.

17. They will have built a new school by September.

18. They speak English here.

19. We will finish this work in time.

20. The secretary had typed the contract before the director came to the office.

21. The manager hasn’t signed the documents yet. He is checking them now.

22. A famous architect designed this theatre.

23. The teacher will correct the student’s composition.

24. Someone will serve coffee.

25. In some districts farmers use pigs to find truffles.

26. Glinka composed the opera “Ivan Susanin”.

27. A railway line connects the village with the town.

28. The director has just signed the letter.

29. They are building many new houses in our town now.

30. They built this bridge in 1945.

31. The manager hasn’t signed the documents yet. He is checking them now.

32. They sell these books everywhere.

33. Helen washed the dishes.

34. By the middle of autumn we had planted all the trees.

35. They haven’t brought back my skates.

36. Bees gather honey from flowers.

37. They make Toyotas in Japan.

38. They invited two hundred people to the wedding.

39. I have told the children about the party.

40. They promised the workers higher wages.

41. They will allow each boy a second plate of ice-cream.

42. They had already offered me a new job at the bank.

43. She will give you the answer in a week.

44. They make these artificial flowers of silk.

45. They took the photographs after the ceremony.

46. Has anyone posted my parcel?

В английском языке, как и в русском глагол «награждён» грамматической категорией «залог» (voice). Их у него два - активный (Active) и пассивный (Passive). О том, как «ведёт себя» последний - Passive Voice -пассивный залог – во времени Present Perfect (Настоящее Совершенное), и говорим сегодня.

Общие сведения

Действие, каким бы оно не было, не может обойтись без объекта или субъекта. Объект необходим, чтобы выполнять то самое действие, и тогда в силу вступает Active voice (активный залог) :

A famous journalist always writes many interesting articles - Известный журналист всегда пишет интересные статьи.

В данном случае журналист является объектом действия и подлежащим, так как он сам и никто другой пишет свои статьи. Но бывают случаи, когда на первое место выходит субъект действия, и тогда начинает действовать Passive voice (пассивный залог) :

Many interesting articles are written by a famous journalist - Много интересных статей написаны известным журналистом.

Здесь субъект действия - статьи. Несмотря на своё «бездействие», они вытесняют «журналиста» и выходят на первый план. Теперь они являются подлежащим в предложении и сказуемое, выраженное глаголом «написаны» (are written), полностью зависит от него (он стоит во множественном числе, как и подлежащие).

Образование

Страдательный или пассивный залог (Passive voice) в английском языке образуется при помощи двух глаголов: вспомогательного to be и основного глагола в 3-й форме . Вспомогательный глагол является изменяемой частью этой сложной конструкции. Он изменяется по лицам, числам и временам. Что касается основного глагола, то, если он принадлежит к группе правильных, то к его основе присоединяется окончание -ed. В случае, когда смысловой глагол относится к группе неправильных, он берётся из третьей колонки таблицы неправильных глаголов.

ТОП-3 статьи которые читают вместе с этой

Если действие производится при помощи неодушевленного предмета (материал, инструмент), то применяется предлог with (The roofs are covered with white snow - Крыши покрыты белым снегом). Когда «инициатор» действия - человек, то используется предлог by (The picture is drawn by a famous artist - Картина нарисована известным художником).

Отрицание и вопрос

Для того, чтобы построить отрицательное предложение, необходима отрицательная частица not (не) . В страдательном залоге она ставится между вспомогательным глаголом to be и смысловым глаголом в 3-й форме:

The toy is not broken - Игрушка не сломана.

The desk is not cleaned - Письменный стол не вымыт.

В вопросительном предложении нарушается свойственный английскому языку прямой порядок слов. На первое место выходит вспомогательный глагол to be . Далее следует подлежащие и основной глагол:

Is the rule learned by students? - Правило выучено студентами?

Правила и примеры предложений Present Perfect Passive voice

Как говорилось выше, вспомогательный глагол в конструкции Passive voice изменяется по лицам числам и временам. В зависимости от того, какое перед нами время, такую форму и приобретает вспомогательный глагол to be , в то время как основной глагол остается в неизменной 3-й форме.

Конструкция времени Present Perfect (Настоящего Совершенное) - have/has + 3-я форма глагола . Теперь в данную формулу подставляем данные Passive voice и получаем новую конструкцию Present Perfect Passive voice: have/has + been (вспомогательный глагол to be в 3-й форме) + основной глагол в 3-й форме . А теперь рассмотрим, как это «работает» на практике:

The house has already been built. It is wonderful - Дом был уже построен. Он прекрасен (Действие произошло в недалёком прошлом, но результат его виден в настоящем)

This book has not discussed yet. He worries about it. - Книгу ещё не обсуждали. Он беспокоится об этом. (Действие произошло в прошлом, но всё ещё актуально в настоящем)

Have you never been deceived? - Тебя никогда не обманывали?

Так как в Present Perfect Passive voice вспомогательных глаголов два, то при отрицании частица not (не) ставится после первого вспомогательного глагола (have/has not been written - не был написан). То же правило действует и в отношении вопроса: на первое место выходит первый вспомогательный глагол (Has is been already written? - Оно было написано?)

Что мы узнали?

Конструкция Present Perfect Passive voice (Настоящее Совершенное в пассивном залоге) состоит из двух вспомогательных глаголов и одного основного в 3-й форме: have/has + been + основной глагол в 3-й форме. Оно употребляется, когда действие произошло в прошлом, но всё ещё актуально в настоящем, и результат его виден в настоящем.

Тест по теме

Оценка статьи

Средняя оценка: 4.6 . Всего получено оценок: 123.

В данной статье приведен пример преобразования формы активного залога Future Perfect в форму пассивного залога. Для выполнения данной задачи нам необходимо воспользоваться структурной схемой утвердительного предложения времени Future Perfect :

Subject + will have + Verb III form + Object
Подлежащее + will have + Глагол III формы + Object

Преобразование в пассивную форму начнем с замены смыслового глагола следующей синтаксической конструкцией:

to be + V III form

Данная конструкция говорит нам, что мы должны преобразовать вспомогательный глагол to be в ту форму, в которой стоит смысловой глагол в предложении исходного активного залога. А сам смысловой глагол должен быть преобразован в глагол III формы. Следуя данному правилу, мы преобразуем глагол to be в третью форму – been, а также и смысловой глагол в эту же форму (так как он и так уже находится в третьей форме, то смысловой глагол не меняется). Так же, подлежащее и дополнение меняются местами, т.к. в пасивном залоге меняется направление воздействия с субъекта на объект. В итоге получим следующую структуру, соответствующую пассивному залогу времени Future Perfect в утвердительной форме:

Subject + will have been + Verb III form +
Подлежащее + will have been + Глагол III формы +

Вопросительная форма:

Will + Subject + have been + Verb III + ?
Will + Подлежащее + have been + Глагол III + ?

Отрицательная форма:

Subject + will + not + have been + Verb III +
Подлежащее + will + not + have been + Глагол III +

Примеры предложений:

Для начинающих предлагаю закрепить тему Passive Voice (в простых временах) и выполнить 10 упражнений для начинающих . Изучить тему

Для начала проверьте себя и переведите на английский язык предложение.

Passive Voice. Упражнения для начинающих

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык.

1. Breakfast was cooked by our mother.
2. The new rule was explained to us at the English lesson.
3. The story was written by Chekhov.
4. This sports centre was visited by lots of people.
5. This sports game is often played at P.E. lessons.
6. The ball was thrown over the fence.
7. The boxer was knocked down.
8. I was born in Moscow.
9. They will be trained by a famous coach.
10. I will be sent to the competition.

Упражнение 2. Выберите правильный вариант и переведите на русский язык.

1. The news programme ( is watched / watched ) by millions of people every day.
2. The Mona Liza (painted / was painted) by Leonardo da Vinchi.
3. The new cinema (be built / will be built ) next year.
4. New pop groups ( are much spoken / is much spoken ) about among teenagers.
5. Alexander Pushkin’s first poem ( was written / written) when he was fourteen.
6. The letters (be sent / will be sent ) by post tomorrow.
7. The translation (was finished / were finished ) two hours ago.
8. London (visited / is visited) by hundreds of tourists every year.
9. The dinner (be / will be) ready in an hour (через час).
10. The dogs (were taken out/ was taken out) three times yesterday.

Упражнение 3.

1. Tom always (to ask) at the lessons.
2. I (to ask) at the last lesson.
3. Our country house (to finish) next year.
4. The dog (to find) by my sister yesterday.
5. This work (to do) tomorrow.
6. This text (to translate) at the last lesson.
7. These trees (to plant) every autumn.
8. Many interesting games always (to play) at our P.E. lessons.
9. This bone (to give) to my dog tomorrow.
10. We (to invite) to a concert last Saturday.

Упражнение 4. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present, Past или Future Simple Passive.

1. My question (to answer) yesterday. 2. Hockey (to play) in winter. 3. Mushrooms (to gather) in autumn. 4. Many houses (to burn) during the war. 5. His new book (to finish) next year. 6. Flowers (to sell) in shops and in the streets. 7. St. Petersburg (to found) in 1703.8. Bread (to eat) every day. 9. The letter (to receive) yesterday. 10. Nick (to send) to Moscow next week. 11. I (to give) a very interesting book at the library last Friday. 12. Many houses (to build) in our town every year.

Упражнение 5. Раскройте скобки, выбирая требующуюся форму глагола.

1. At the station they will (meet, be met) by a man from the travel agency. 2. She will (meet, be met) them in the hall upstairs. 3. The porter will (bring, be brought) your luggage to your room. 4. Your luggage will (bring, be brought) up in the lift. 5. You may (leave, be left) your hat and coat in the cloakroom downstairs. 6. They can (leave, be left) the key with the clerk downstairs. 7. From the station they will (take, be taken) straight to the hotel. 8. Tomorrow he will (take, be taken) them to the Russian Museum.

Упражнение 6. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple, Present Perfect, Present Continuous, Past Simple, Future Simple. Используйте Активный и Пассивный залог.

1. The house ____________(to build) in 2020.
2. The boy _________ (not to hear) the news yet.
3. The Brooks ___________(to become) famous last year.
4. Money _____________(to keep) in the bank.
5. The parcel __________(to send) yesterday.
6. I would like ________________(to know) English very well.
7. Where _________the road _______(to lead) to?
8. Look! The leaves _______________(to fall).
9. All the money ___________(to spend) on clothes last week.
10. The pie has gone! Who _________(to eat) it?

Упражнение 7. Переведите на английский язык

1. Детей наказывают…. — Детей наказали… — Детей накажут…. (punish)
2. Хлеб едят… — Хлеб съели… — Хлеб съедят…
3. Розы выращивают… — Розы вырастили… — Розы вырастят… (grow)
4. Картину рисуют… — Картину нарисовали… — Картину нарисуют… (paint)
5. Обо мне говорят. — Обо мне говорили. — Обо мне будут говорить. (talk about)
6. О нас забывают — О нас забыли…. — О нас забудут… (forget)

В пассивном залоге в английском предложении предлог ставится в конец.

ПРИМЕР. За доктором послали. — The doctor was sent for.

Упражнение 8. Переделайте предложения из активного залога в пассивный.

1. We learn English. —
2. The teacher asked the students a question. —
3. They told me about the accident. —
4. We will find our pets. —
5. Next year we will learn French. —
6. The teacher asked her a question. —
7. I take my dog out every day. —

Упражнение 9.

• хвалить — praise
• рассказывать — tell

1. Я всегда хвалю моих друзей. 2. Меня всегда хвалят дома. 3. Каждую субботу папа показывает дедушке мои оценки. 4. Каждую субботу папе показывают мои оценки. 5. Мы часто вспоминаем вас. 6. Нас часто вспоминают в деревне. 7. Мне дают сок каждое утро. 8. Каждое утро я даю кошке молоко. 9. Он каждый день рассказывает нам что-нибудь интересное. 10. Ему каждый день рассказывают что-нибудь интересное.

Упражнение 10. (из пособия «Грамматика. Сборник упражнений. Ю. Голицынский)
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple Active или Present Simple Passive.

1. Я часто посылаю письма друзьям. 2. Меня часто приглашают в кино. 3. Моей сестре часто помогают в школе. 4. Я иногда забываю взять проездную карточку. 5. Он пишет много писем. 6. Собаки любят кости. 7. Собак любят во многих семьях. 8. Когда в вашей семье пьют чай? 9. Почему эти правила всегда забывают? 10. Почему вы всегда забываете эти правила? 12. Где живут ваши друзья? 13. Где покупают хлеб? 14. Когда задают вопросы?

Упражнение 11. (из пособия «Грамматика. Сборник упражнений. Ю. Голицынский)
Переделайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice. Начните с выделенного слова.

ОБРАЗЕЦ. Mother waters the flowers in the evening. - The flowers are watered in the evening (by Mother).

1. Irene’s husband brought her some beautiful shells from the south. 2. The explorers gave the newspaper reporters a long interview. 3. Mr. Wilson will teach you English. 4. Tom gave Nick a book for his birthday. 5. Our mother tells us stories every evening. 6. Lydia will show you a new book of pictures. 7. A boy showed her the way. 8. They will send us a box of fruit. 9. Five or six small children followed them . 10. We will do the translation in the evening.

ГБОУ СОШ 1011

Разработка тренировочных упражнений с ответами по грамматике английского языка к теме «Пассивный Залог (Passive Voice )»

для уч ащихся 9-х классов общеобразовательных школ

Подготовила

учитель английского языка:

Коренева Юлия Михайловна

г. Москва

2014

Translate from English into Russian. Underline Passive Constructions: Present Simple Passive, Past Simple Passive, Future Simple Passive.

This book was sold

They will be met by their uncle and aunt at the airport.

London is visited by thousands of tourists every year, isn’t it?

Why is this documentary talked about so much?

American president Abraham Lincoln was killed at the theatre.

Current news is shown on television every evening.

Famous people are often spied by paparazzi.

Why is he being laughed at?

When we arrived they were being asked about their trip to England.

Which document was being typed when you came in?

Look! The contract is being printed.

His offer was being discussed when he called.

What tune is being played? I can’t recognize it.

We didn’t know that the new program had already been broadcast.

After the speaker had been interrupted he stopped to collect his thoughts.

This serial has been talked about a lot lately.

Maria is happy. She has been accepted by an English University.

May I invite you to the banquet room where some food and refreshments have been served?

I actually felt quite depressed after the threatening news has been announced.

The teacher … asked a question at the moment.

He … paid a lot of money as soon as he does the job.

He said Peter … invited to the party.

Look! A Christmas tree … decorated.

I hope our misunderstanding … … forgotten very quickly.

I’m so angry because my party … spoiled by Max’s rudeness.

The six ravens … kept in the Tower of London now for centuries.

She had read all the books which … translated into English.

Mike showed the letter to his mother.

– May I help you, sir? – No, thank you. They are already serving me.

They were broadcasting a new documentary at 5 p.m. yesterday.

They offered tourists a free sightseeing trip.

They will hold interviews in September.

By 2014 this author had written two major novels.

The Smiths have sold their cottage this month.

I hear that they are making a new full-length cartoon based on Russian fairy-tails.

ЕГЭ .

The Loch Ness Monster.

1. The story of the Loch Ness monster began in 1933 when it __________ for the first time.

CHECK YOURSELF

Translate from English into Russian. Underline Passive Constructions: Present Simple Passive, Past Simple Passive, Future Simple Passive .

This book was sold two month ago. — Past Simple Passive

They will be met by their uncle and aunt at the airport.-FS

London is visited by thousands of tourists every year, isn’t it?- PrS

Why is this documentary talked about so much?- PrS

American president Abraham Lincoln was killed at the theatre.- PS

Current news is shown on television every evening.- PrS

Famous people are often spied by paparazzi.- PrS

Translate from English into Russian. Underline Passive Constructions: Present Progressive Passive, Past Progressive Passive.

Why is he being laughed at ?- Present Progressive Passive

When we arrived they were being asked about their trip to England. — PPrP

Which document was being typed when you came in?- PPrP

Look! The contract is being printed .- PrPrP

His offer was being discussed when he called.- PPrP

What tune is being played ? I can’t recognize it.- PrPrP

Translate from English into Russian. Underline Passive Constructions: Present Perfect Passive, Past Perfect Passive.

We didn’t know that the new program had already been broadcast . — PPerfP

After the speaker had been interrupted he stopped to collect his thoughts. PPerfP

This serial has been talked about a lot lately. — PrPerfP

Maria is happy. She has been accepted by an English University.- PrPerfP

May I invite you to the banquet room where some food and refreshments have been served ? — PrPerfP

I actually felt quite depressed after the threatening news has been announced . — PrPerfP

Put the verb to be in the correct form in Passive Voice.

The teacher is being asked a question at the moment.

He will be paid a lot of money as soon as he does the job.

He said Peter had been invited to the party.

Look! A Christmas tree is being decorated.

I hope our misunderstanding will be forgotten very quickly.

I’m so angry because my party has been spoiled by Max’s rudeness.

The six ravens have been kept in the Tower of London now for centuries.

She had read all the books which were translated into English.

Make the sentences in Passive Voice.

Mike showed the letter to his mother. – The letter was shown to mother by Mike.

– May I help you, sir? – No, thank you. They are already serving me. – I’m already being served.

They were broadcasting a new documentary at 5 p.m. yesterday. – A new documentary was being broadcast at 5 p.m. yesterday.

They offered tourists a free sightseeing trip. –A free sightseeing trip was offered to tourists. / Tourists were offered a free sightseeing trip.

They will hold interviews in September. — Interviews will be hold by them in September.

By 2014 this author had written two major novels. – Two major novels had been written by this author by 2014.

The Smiths have sold their cottage this month. – The cottage has been sold by the Smiths this month.

I hear that they are making a new full-length cartoon based on Russian fairy-tails. — I hear that a new full-length cartoon based on Russian fairy-tails is being made.

ЕГЭ . Complete the story with the correct form of the verbs in capital letters.

The Loch Ness Monster.

1. The story of the Loch Ness monster began in 1933 when it WAS SEEN for the first time.

Использованныематериалы

Афанасьева О.В., Михеева И.В., Баранова К.М. Английский язык-5й год обучения. Рабочая тетрадь. Москва: Дрофа, 2011.

Фурсенко С.В. Английский язык. Тесты. 9 класс. Москва: Дрофа, 2002.

Бондарева В.В. Английская грамматика в забавных рассказах. Спб: Каро, 2006

Кауфман К.И., Кауфман М.Ю. Совершенствуй свой английский. Москва: Титул, 1999.